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!ErukclisWh ctwrubia cniaeret eguKIrWt

2004 rwbOTckoa 23 ,unwswh cnod

rWz eguLokirwd cvOnwmor irukcnwkcswr cnuhwfemcnea iawgWyixwr
wnig irukcnwkcswr iawgWtea cnirukegEa ,Ikwa 2cswlokin
.evekeairev urWtuKumuduK irevWyinwacSwrwv cniawdwf cnulwkcswrcswr
umWrwa iaWmwkidwscaum .eveSwa1917 cn 1894 Ivcaeruk cnwkirev WnEa
eg 2 cswlokin rWzc.evekelwkEb ivcauLua cnehcnUmuawm iawgcaemuLuairid
IkwaWnEa.eveaeruh caencnumidWK csWhcawtea iaWkwrwvuDnwg wkEtwscawtea
wmwniawgEjcaWr) cnulwbnwkibnwa egWnEa iaWncnulwkEb Wvwbcait iawguhirwa
csevcaea wyidcneg cnumwrukcawtcnwk cSwkwtogWhinub (WnIrcswn
.evekehIm cseviawbun cSwrwv cSwncnutiycawr .evekehIm ctencaemwkWnwdurwh
Itwm emcnea egcniawfis egiawv iaWDnwk iaWmwgcaeaegWyixwr IkwaWnEa
cSokcsia cSwaWfIzwv caehIm iruhutih ukwriairuhutih WnEa .eveaWyirev
WvcnunEb cSwaWnWzwK egutwluawd .eveawdwhcsevcSokikwv cniaWfIzwv idwa
InwLwawDnwk csevurwtcawv iaWawlukIvcnwncnuh iawgEa iaWmuhej Wsiawf
.eveaWnEa csevInwvcaed ubwgwliaWycaeDem iaWtwzcaia iawhemcnea .eveaWnEa
2 cswlokin rWz .evencnuSwd egurumwa Eren WnEa InWvwgcnih ctwluawd
wdwfcaenUnWg EhejcnWvWbwt cnemcnea egumuawg iLum Ikwrumwa Eren
.evekwtcnuvencned eguhIfoa csIawr wmwn iawgEjcaWr Iaea .evekeCcaea

egWyixwr uriawyid cnumwruk cnwkirev cSwkwtog urWtuKumuduK wdwfim
.eveawfiTcaev cSwkwawjwrwd uSwd cSwrwv Inwv utwlWhegcnutiycawr
uLokwrWsum Ebil cSwncnuhImWrukctwkcawswm iawgukwtIrwTckef
cnumwrukulWtuLwh cnumwkcsOguluawhWm Ehejcnwrukctwkcawswm iaWncnumwkudwm
cnutwa egcnuhImeaInwrukWvukwx csevudwbwa cnirevuDnwd ,uriaWd
csckeTcsevudwbwa cnurWkurws cSwkwdwdwa uDob egurwv WvuncnegISwkea
iaWTcnwrwk iaWycaukurodeg wmwn iawgEjcaWr .eveaItWdcnumwgwn
iaWncnurwCIT wncnukin cnegiawvwyik iawgWyixwr urEa .evelibcnefiaWnOf
clwnwxeforcp wdwf cnurwTckoD iaWncnurEnijcniaiaWncnurwyOl
.eveaebilun caeaWfIzwv cSwkwncnuhIm

iawgWyixwr urwhwa wnwvwrWgea egumwkirev eg 2 cswlokin rWz
cawtctwmudiK IsWswa WvcnunEb cSwncnutiycawr evurutiacawtcnurukWrwhWzum
uriaunuSef cswm Irwvwnwj egurwhwa wnwv 1905.eveaejcaevitwd cSwmubil
caehEg Wkcawk iaWlOrcTep iaWCcaekwtObWkiawguSwrcSwr iteDob egWyixwr
.eveaebilun csev caetwmudiKeguhUn iaWnef iaWTcnwrwk .eveaebilun
rWz wkwhWv egukwtUgwdnuaitwd Wdcnumebil cSwncnutiycawr cnumwkcnehea
wtcaIdWa Iv 1905Irwvwnwj 22 iawkwTcSwmuvencned cSwa 2 cswlokin
uDob cSwrwv iawg cgrwbcsrwTIp cTcnes cSwrirev uhwvud
.evea 2004 cTcswgoa 12 wmwn iawgEjcaWr .eveaivcaEbcaeaWrwhWzum
Wviawgumwk caeairevumclia InId uDob IruhcSwkwrwDIl egWrwhWzumim
Wviawfeyil cawturWaix InId.evekehIm Wyik cnOpeg cjrOj IridWfuDob
rWz Iawyid cnumwyikwvwlcnemcnea uDobiduk eguSwr cnegiawlufua cawtcDOb
csevcaea.eveSwaWmid WrwvuDnwg egumusUm inif eg 2 cswlokin
wyidcnumwruk WrwhWzum ukeaWmwkirevwhclus itencaerWyitwh
wrWsum Iawyidcnumwvog iawgEret egWrwhWzum ukwywbcsWhcawtea
iaWSwmurukudwm utugwvEhejcnwrukctwkcawswm iaWSwmunidcSokuDob
WdwhunUnWgiaWSwmudeh cSwkwnwt iretWkcawr IkwluawhWm Wrukctwkcawswm
ugcawh egumunidcTOv cSwncnemcnea iaWSwmudcaefua caehilijwm
egurwvuDnwg eg 2 cswlokin rWz .evekemwk cawtea wdwfimiaWSwmunid
wyidcnumwruk WrwhWzum cniawfis ibit iawgunwteacnumuyid cSwairiawk
udwdwa egcnuhImivurwm .eveaihejiDwb itencaemuhwrcsevcaea cSwywg egcnuhIm
egudemed Wa 4000 iaWa 1000 cswyiv iawgumwkunugnEn cnegiLeawDnwk
iawgWyixwr WsidWh im cnumwkcnehea.eveaivurwm cnuhIm cSwkwdwdwa
wmwn iawgEjcaWr .evencnumwn eg ''EDcnws IDwlcb'' Inwviawfev urUhcxwm
.everukuh uLwk wyidWgnih cnuhwfidWd

cnuhIm ukeaWmuyid cnegirutef cSwkwtuLokcnwkikea egWyixwr urwbwKim
cnwkirevuLoked WrWkurws iawvcTUl cnwtcnwt emukincSwCcawmugwm
iaWaWyivctel iaWacsclwrUy iaWaOkcsom.eveawyidcneg cnumwrukuLWf
cnegcSokcnunEb egurWyitwhiawgcDcnwlOp ctoa iawguSwd egurWb egWyixwr
caemwk Whiruhegumuawg iLum cnukwtihWsia IdWlwmwh cSwrWkurws
.eveawa cSwkwmuTcauh

iawkwTcSwmuvuTcauh cnuvcsOg cawtcnwk cSwrutia iawgWyixwr
cSwmudOh caelcawh irevwhclus cnegiawkcawdwkwhWvukeaWkwtctWrwfuLokidia
.eveailWvog cSwa 2 cswlokin rWz cnuhImWvcnegeviSovumwk eguSwr idea
caetog enWdwh csogcnegevuDob rwxercp cSwa 2 cswlokin rWz
cSwrwv ITiv Egrws urIzwvuDob idwa iaWncnegiten
rwbOTckoa'' uLokuhwf egurwhwa wnwv 1905 ,cnegiawvcauLwaurWbcSwDob
WnEa caemuLeawSuh IhWlcsia urUhcxwm cnumwn eg ''OTcsefinem
iawgEjcaWr iawg 2004 cnUj 9 Iaim.eveaivcauLeawSuh cSwncnutiycawr
.evekekwt cnuLeawSuh IhWlcsiawlwhwk iLeawSuh cmUycawg cludubwa cnUmuawm
egumurukwhEswfiaulcSwncnutiycawr egWyixwr cnutogWv iawgumuLeawSuhim
2 cswlokin rWz cSwmunidcSok caemwkcawtea cnutog
egumurukuLWfulWyiK cnuhIm iawgEretegIm.evetwgiawDwvevuduawv
egumuLuaevcaea cSwnwtcnwt ,iaWmwkcnwvinimegumukcaedwkwhWv ,iaWmwkcnwvinim
cnunid cnwkcnwvinim egumudeh cawtctwaWmwjiaWa Wycaiaumwj ,iaWmwkcnwvinim
egcnutiycawr cSwrwhwf wmwtwruf iawgWyixwrcnurutiaegEa idwa .eveaenemih
iawguhIlijwm egcnutiycawr.eveaenemih csevcnudcaefua caehilijwm
caenUnWg csevcaeaiaWmudehctog enEverukulIscmwt cSwDob cnutiycawr
iaWmwk enEdehuncSwkwnUnWg Ivunem cnegcSokcsWf cnuhilijwm egcnutiycawr
.evemwkcnwk wlwhwkim

WnEa Iaea IkwmuvcauLeawSuh IhWlcsia eg 2 cswlokin rWz
egWnea ItWvun iawgumwk caemwk iruk cnutihWrukcnwkeacsevcSwkwtogcaea
umuzwa Iruh WnEaiawkwTcSwmuTcaehwboa urWb urWtuKumuduK
'' WmUD'' csilijwm egcnutiycawr egWyixwr .evencnegiawLwawDnwk
egurwhwa wnwv 1906 cniruk caeLokcswvudwDuk egumuvedcaefua
caemuyil uLomWm rWz iawgumwnim ''Ol clwTcnemwDcnwf'' iawgEreteguhwmEm
urWhim cmUycawg cludubwa cnUmuawm Iaim wmwn iawgEjcaWr.eveairukuaiaWx
.eveaIsWswa unUnWg WnUmwn ELuaea cnegiawLwawSuhcSwlWyiK egcTenibek
cnukwtogcawtea WaOTcsefinem rwbOTckoaIkwa Ol clwTcnemwDcnwf
cnwycawa cnurwTcsinim egrWzcnutog WviawgEa .evekeCcaea WvuFwrWawt
caeruawd csevcaeaegWmUD csilijwm egcnutiycawr egWyixwr iawgumuruk
csevcSwkWvulUacswm cSwa WMUD cnurwTcsinim idwa .eveaenWncnOn
cviTekezcgea IkwawnWm egEa cnumutoa cnwkim cnehim .eveaenEhejun
caebWKitcnia caerWkurws egcnutiycawr iawgclevel egumugcnihwtwvun
egcnutiycawr cnutogWv iawgumuyilim cnurutiaegEa.evemwk enEverukun
ubWKitcnia cnulwa iawgcaednih ejcaevcnunEbiaWrWb egumulWvua csilijwm
.eveaevcnegibil cSwa 2cswlokin rWz csevurWb egumuvcaEb

idwa evctogEvelWvEn csevwmwn cSwkwLokudnihwDuk cSwa 2 cswlokin rWz
,ukeaWmubil csev caenOl uDob cnutWlivisEscnwrwf irevukeacnurutiaegEa
IhWlcsia cniruk egumuvulwdcawb csilijwmegcnutiycawr wmwtwruf
.eveaifcSokurud cnumWgwm ITiv EgrwsurIzwvuDob WrukudIaWt cSwkwtclWyiK
cSwmwkirevWyinwa IrukcnwycawacSwmwkurIzwvuDob WnEa iawguhwfcSwaea
cmwdWa Iaim wmwn iawgEjcaWr.evekeLufEb Wyik cniPIloTcs rwTIP iruhWrwa
wdwf cnuawneg cSwmWgwmWrubnwa cnulwa iawfcSokurud cnumWgwm urihWz
uLoked WrWkurws ,cniPIloTcs rwTIP .evekemwk
ctwaIrwx cnukwtog cswvwa cnegcSokurwycawhWfihcawtctWrwf
cnukwtcTOkim .eveaidcaefua caekwtcTOkegcniawfis iawkwTcSwmulWgcnih
cnubwbws egEa.eveaeviawfWrwm Wscawjcnwd cnuhIm wnig cSwrwv
IneLuaWyikurEa iawgutog egcaemwnwv cSwDnwgWv Wscawjcnwd iawgWyixwr
.evea ''IawT egcnipIloTcs''

cnurwbcnem cSwhilijwm egcnutiycawr wmwtwruf egWyixwr
Edea cSwhWlcsia .eveawg 1906 cCrWm InuvcaEb ubWKitcniaiawkwTcSwmuvoh
cnuTEDiDnek clwrcbil iaWncnuTcsilwxOs ELugcnegutwsWyis egunimudem
csevcaea cnurutia egIm .evenuvoh cSwhIlijwmcSwkwdwdwa WvcnegISwkea
cSwhilijwm csevcnurwbcnem iSwkurwhegWyifutWv Enemihun iawgcaeaITrWp
iawg 1906 iawluj Wsclwjwmwtwruf eguhIlijwm egcnutiycawr .evenuvoh
iaWhilijwmiaWrWkurws egcnipIloTcs rwTIp urIzwvuDob csevuria unuSef
cnurwbcnwm wnig eguhIlijwm .evenUn caeLwgnwr Whea cnuLug
cnutog egumurukuhWlcsia cawtcawtcnwk egcnirevuDnwd egWyixwrInwvcnunEb
wdwfea iaWmunid cSwncnutiycawr cSwawmwhwmwh iawgutogoyehcawtcnibuDnwd
cawtuDwa uLokidia .eveSWncneg csevcawtuhWlcsiacnehea uLwgnwr
wlwhwkcaeawb cnipIloTcs rwTIp urIzwvuDobOtEvelWvuDnwk iawguhIlijwm
cawtcawtcnwk egcnirevuDnwdcswyiv iawgumwk iawneg cawtuhWlcsia
egumudeh IsWswaunUnWg Wa egWyixwr iaWawlwscawm egumurukuhWlcsia
rWzcnuhwfemcnea cnegidehun cSwtog WvcnunEb cnurWkurws iawgWlwscawm
cnwvcaWb ubWKitcnia cnulwa iawvcawlWvua csilijwm 2 cswlokin
10 emcnea Wtunudefua ea IvcaelWvua csilijwm WnEa.eveaimcnin
.eveawg 1906 iawluj 22cnokineLua evun csevWtcfwh

WbWKitcnia cnegcSokcnunEb urWb Iscnejrwmia iawvcawlWvua csilijwm
cnurWkurws cnurutiaegEa .eveairukulwdwb cnurWkurws csevudiawvwgEheb
cnegevcnwdwh ctog enEverukcsWf cniawhEswf cawtclibWLwawSuh
WrukudIaWt cSwkwtulWyiK IhWlcsia ,cTOv egcnuDobctWm Ebit iawguhIlijwm
.eveaideh csevcSwkwtog wlwhwk wncnuh cnwdwruberuvcSwTOv egcnurwbcnem
cnurWkurws cnwvoh urihWz WnIswmwtwruf wmwn iawgEjcaWr
cSwtogEdcTOvcnegiawlufuactwa uriaEdcTOv iaWmurukirukctwkcawswm
ulWyiKIhWlcsia uhwfcSwaWsidWh egurukuhuLwk iaWmuscaejwmwh iscaejwmwh
IaeacnuLugcneg cnegcSokurwycawh iawgulwj cawtcnurwbcnem caeawb ELugcneg
cSwtogctogim .eveaenWdileb csevcSwmwk caemwk egutwvWbim
IkwncnuhImwnig cniaeret egcnurwbcnem unuverukubWKitcniauhwfcSwmudeh
wncnoa cnwkirevukea WrWkurws idwaWrukunudIaWt cSwhWlcsia
iaWncnirevuluhwa egumibiaWncnuDob iawgEret egEa .evencnurwbcnem
wnwved unuvcaEbiawg Irwaurcbef 1907 .eveaenemih cnirevirWfwyiv
.eveSwkwLokcswvud wDuk cSwrwv Itoa csev csilijwm egcnutiycawr

egcnutiycawr wnwvcnit ctoa iawg udemed Wa 1912 iaWa 1907
Iawyidcneg cnumwgcnih cSwkwtog cnunEb cSokclOrcTcnokWmUD csilijwm
caetwsWyis egunimudem WrukuncaedIaWt uDobWmcSwkwtulWyiK IhWlcsia
urwhwa 5 wmwhiruf urumuaeguhIlijwm im .evekeawb ELugcneg
cnipIloTcs rwTIpurIzwvuDob irevWyinwa iawg 1911 .evenuverukwmwh
egumulcSokwrWhwvwa cniPIloTcs .eveailcSok wrWhwvwa
2 cswlokin rWz cSwDobWm WhIlijwm egcnutiycawriaWncnubwbws
cnwkutwycaimcnwhwa egWmUD wnwvcnitcnubwbws egumutwgiawDwviheb
.eveawyidcnegevwDuk

1917-1912 Itoa WmUD csilijwm egcnutiycawr wnwv urwtwh egWyixwr
caerWb uDob Wm cnutogIsWyis csev cSwaWmUD im.eveaudemed Wa
iawgWyixwr urwhwa wnwv 1917csevwmwncnehea .eveaevun caeawfibil
csevemcnok csilijwmimiawgukwtcawtcnwk egurWkurws Itugwv unudefua
iawa cSwaWyixwrurwhwaea InuvelWvua csilijwm im .eveairukWdwa caeruawd
urUhcxwmcSwaeyinud iLum uhwfcSwbWligcnia ea .eveawgEret egubWligcnia
,Inwv WliaWa iLum egWnEa iaWa 2 cswlokin rWz urWtuKumuduK
cSwtog EgnEn csevcswvud WhitWf cSwncnuhIm iawfWrwm WhwjiDwbcSwlob
wrihim .eveawfWluLwv cSwkwtogitemwkin cSwrwv iaefenokcaeDnwguLwv
?eveaOtWmwncnwgibil ctwrubia cnemcneacnemuDnwguLwa cnukwtcawtcnwk